Blood Formation | Function | Types 

 

Blood 

• Blood is a liquid connective tissue.
• It is fluid of growth.
• the fluid of health the body.

 

Blood Formation | Function | Types 

Properties of blood

• Colour: Blood is Red in color, (Haemoglobin)
• Total volume:  6-7 liter (8%) in a normal young healthy adult weighing about 70 kg
• PH 7.4 (Alkaline)
• Specific Gravity: 1.050- 1.060

 

Composition of Blood 

Blood is two types of plasma or cells

• Cells 45% (RBC, WBC. Platelets)
• Plasma 55%. (Protein, water, other)

Plasma protein (Albumin, Globulin, fibrinogen)

 

Plasma

• Plasma is clear.
• Plasma is a major part of blood.
• The total blood volume of blood in plasma is 55%

Plasma composition

 

 

Functions of plasma proteins:

• Helps in the coagulation of blood.
• Helps in the maintenance of osmatic
• Helps in pressure in the blood.
• Helps in transport and reservoir.
• Helps in maintenance viscosity of blood
• Helps in the maintenance system of blood.
• Helps in the maintenance of acid-base balance.
• Immune System

 

Blood Cells

They are three types

- RBC - WBC - Platelets

 

RBC (Red blood cells) / erythrocytes.

• It is non-nucleated
• It is also known as Erythrocytes
• The red color of RBC is because of the presence of hemoglobin.
• It is an important role of transport of gases.

Normal Range of RBC- 4 to 5.5 million / cumion of blood

• Male 4.5-5.5 million/ cumm
• Female 4- 4.5 million /cumm

 

Properties of RBC

• Rouleaux formation
• PCV
• Suspension stability.

Function of RBC

• Transport of or from the lungs to the tissues.
• Transport of co₂ from the tissues to the lungs
• Buffering Action in blood.
• It helps in blood Group determination.

 

WBC (White Blood Cells) / Leukocytes 

• Nucleated formed
• colorless
• Compared to RBC, the WBC are large in size and lesser in number.

Normal range of WBC -4000-1100/cumm of blood

 

WBC types:

On the basis of granules

Granulocyte

• Neutrophil
• Eosinophils
• Basophils

Agranulocyte

• Monocyte
• Lymphocyte

NEUTROPHIL (50-70%)

NEUTROPHIL (50-70%)

Cell Size:10-14 um

Nucleus: Multi-lobed (1-6 lobes), purple in color

Cytoplasm: Slight bluish

Granules: Fine, sand-like particles, red-brown or purplish in color 

Function: Phagocytosis, mediate the febrile response

EOSINOPHIL (1-4 %)

EOSINOPHIL (1-4 %)

Cell Size: 10-14 um

Nucleus; Bi-lobed, spectacle shape, purple in color

Cytoplasm: Eosinophilic, light pink in color

Granules: Large, coarse, brick red in color, do not cover the nucleus

Function: Mild Phagocytosis, limiting Allergic manifestations, provide local mucosal immunity

BASOPHIL (<1 %)

BASOPHIL (<1 %)

Cell Size: 10-14 um

Nucleus: Bi-lobed, purple in color, arranges in shape

Cytoplasm: Basophilic, Blue in appearance

Granules: purple R Large, coarse, purple/blue, overlying nucleus

Function: Mild Phagocytosis, Allergic manifestations

MONOCYTE (2-8%)

MONOCYTE (2-8%)

Cell Size:10-18 μm

Nucleus: Single, kidney shape, pale in color, peripheral in position

Cytoplasm: Phagocytosis, work as tissue macrophages

Granules: Pale blue, amount more than the nucleus HAR

Function :Absent

LYMPHOCYTE (20-40 %)

LYMPHOCYTE (20-40 %)

Cell size: 7-10 µm (equal to RBC size) LL: 10-14 um (double to RBC size)

Nucleus: Single, very big, oval/round in shape, central in position, occupying whole of the cell

Cytoplasm: Scanty, sky blue in color, less amount than a nucleus

Granules: Absent

Function: Produce antibodies

Properties of each WBC

 

Absolute value

Polymorphs(P) 40-75% 2,000-7,500/µl

Lymphocytes(L) 20-40% 1,500-4,000/µl

Monocytes(M) 2-10% 200-800/µl

Eosinophils(E) 1-6% 40-400/µl

Basophils(B) 0-1% 10-100/µ

 

Platelets / Thrombocytes :

• Non- Nucleated
• Size of platelets 2.54
• Volume 7.5cuu
• The shape of platelets: Oval disk, dumb-bell shape, Comma shape, cigar shape rod.

Normal Range $1.5-4.5 Lac/cum

 

The function of platelets

• Blood clotting
• Blood loss
• PDGF Repairs
• Defense mechanism
• Role in clot Retraction

 

The function of Blood:

• Respiratory function
• Excretory function
• transport of Hormones and Enzymes
• Regulation of water balance
• Regulation of Acid-base balance
• Regulation of body temperature.
• storage function Defensive function...
• Production of Energy.